es7停车后空气悬挂排气正常吗?
这个是正常的,是空气悬挂的减压阀泄气的声音,属于正常的情况的。
空气悬挂系统是车辆悬架的一种配置。它是用空气压缩机形成的压缩空气,送到弹簧和减震器的空气室中,通过调节气体的压力大小。
重庆跨座式单轨车辆架车装置及其改进 车辆走行装置
技术装备
重庆跨座式单轨车辆
架车装置及其改进
贺 观
漆 伟
陈 波
摘
要:重庆市跨座式单轨车运行以来,换轮架车使用了钢架结构、液
车是沿用日本的方法,采用钢架结构(图3)来支撑车体。首先用沉降梁装置将车体顶高30mm左右缝隙后在轨道梁上垫上木方,然后从轨道梁的两侧分别将两个钢架抬放到木方之上,用来支撑车体,放置妥当后用螺杆连接紧固后,将车体落下,这两个钢架就将车体支撑起来,确认支护牢固方可落下沉降梁以及转
压同步顶升装置来支撑车体。介绍跨座式单轨车换轮采用液压同步顶升装置的优点,但仍存在不足,需要进一步改进,为此,提出采用固定式液压同步顶升装置,并指出其设计中要注意的问题。
关键词:
跨座式单轨车;换轮;架车;液压顶升装置;技术改造
跨座式单轨车的稳定运行源于轮胎与PC梁面间的摩擦,这种摩擦造成了胎面磨损。为了保证列车的运营安全,一般情况下轮胎走行10万km就要更换。跨座式单轨车更专用设备——沉降梁,如图2所示。转向架与车体分离前需要把车体支撑在轨道梁上,并保证支撑安全和稳定,这个过程称之为架车。将转向架与车体分离后降下,然后进行换轮作业。
0 引言
跨座式单轨交通属于城市轨道交通的一种,车辆转向架骑跨在单根PC轨道梁上运行,它能在大坡度、小半径曲线的区间稳定运行,特坡度多、曲线多且半径小的复杂地形条件,目前已在我国重庆轨道交通2号线上采用。
跨座式单轨车辆转向架较为独特,转向架构架由横梁、侧梁、端梁及导向、稳定车轮的支承架构成,其内部设有空气弹簧的辅助空气室;走行轮轴为单悬臂式,轮胎安装在轮辋上,轮心通过轴承支承在空心轴套上。每个轮轴上装有2个填充氮气的钢芯橡胶走行轮,走行轮通过悬臂瞎瞎谈轴固定在转向架构架上,便于轮胎更换。单轨车辆转向架如图1所示。
别适合重庆市区地面高低相差悬殊、换轮胎需要利用换轮
图1跨座式单轨车辆转向架
1早期采用的钢架
结构装置
重庆市跨座式单轨车辆试运行初期架
图2
换轮用沉降梁
贺 观:重庆市轨道交通(集团)有限公司,高级工程师,重庆 400051
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MODERN URBAN TRANSIT5/2010现代城市轨道交通
重庆跨座式单轨车辆架车装置及其改进贺 观等
技术装备
否一致,若某个千斤顶伸出少,则关掉另外一个千斤顶的节流阀,继续压下手动泵,直到千斤顶柱塞伸出一致,才旋开节流阀,并继续工作;当2个柱塞都顶到车体后,旋紧柱塞上的锁紧螺母,将柱塞锁死,防止滑落,然后关闭2个截止阀,锁定油压,防止卸压;当要将车体落下时,先松开锁紧螺母,然后打开神高液压泵上的卸压阀,释放压力,使千斤顶的柱塞下落与车体分离。
该装置在磨碰架车时不需要将车体顶高,直接将木方铺置于轨道梁上,放置于木方之上,然后,在地面用手动液压泵加压,使高压油经过连接到2个千斤顶中,使2个千斤顶的柱塞上升,柱塞与车体接触后,用锁紧座通过螺钉固定来保持其底座的稳定性(图7)。
锁紧螺母
图3早期架车用的钢架结构
图5
液压同步顶升装置
进行了改进。采用了液压同步顶升液压同步顶升装置是由2个举力20 t、带机械锁紧的千斤顶通过高为使其达到同步顶升的目的,在高压油管中串联一个分配阀来均分2千斤顶底部焊接了一个280mm×
图4
换轮时用钢架结构支撑车体
将2个千斤顶从轨道梁的两侧装置(图5)来取代钢架架车结构。之后,
分配阀、截止阀、高压油管进入压油管联接一个手动液压泵组成,管、
个千斤顶的油压。为了保持稳定性,螺母将柱塞锁死,然后2个千斤顶底350mm的底座,底座由10mm厚的钢板焊接而成,每个千斤顶的行程为200mm,重约10kg,同时,为了增大千斤顶与车体的接触面,
千斤顶
手动液压泵
连接管
分配阀
高压油管
截止阀
压力表
向架进行换轮作业(图4)。这个方法缺点明显,由于车下部的空间位置的狭小,而支撑钢架的重量与体积都较大,故每次架车都必须由4个人来完成,2人站在轨道梁下托先搁置在木方上然后向里慢慢挪动,将这个20kg多的钢架挪至规定位置需耗费大量的体力并且存在失手钢架落下砸伤人并伤及车体的可能,有很大的安全隐患。这种架车方法每次耗时多达半个小时以上。
连接管
图6液压同步顶升装置连接图
举,梯上两人挤入车底抬起钢架,减小正压力,千
斤顶的顶部加装了一个厚10mm、长宽分别是100mm的钢板。
液压千斤顶的优点是结构紧凑、工作平稳、有自锁作用,其原理是根据帕斯卡定律:同一液压系统中,截面积相同,产生的力一致。先连接好各部件(图6),当需要支撑车体时,打开2个截止阀,手动液压泵加压,高压油经过高压油路进入到2个千斤顶中,将千斤顶的柱塞升高支撑车体;测量2
台油缸柱塞伸距是
图7 液压同步顶升装置支撑车体
2现有的液压同步顶升架车装置
针对钢架结构支撑车体的缺陷,结合实际情况对上述架车方法
现代城市轨道交通5/2010MODERN URBAN TRANSIT
技术装备
3
液压同步顶升装置的优点
(1)大大节约了劳动时间,提高了工作效率。以前架车必须由4人至少需要0.5h才能完成,现在采用同步顶升架车装置后只需要2个人花费5min就能完成。采用钢架结构支撑,在拆装非动力转向架时,因为位置狭小必须要将前裙板拆卸才能放置钢架梁,拆装前裙板时要拆卸大而且,列车前群板是由铝件锻压而成,经常拆卸,易导致前群板的变形而难以恢复。采用液压同步顶升装置,由于千斤顶的设计比较小巧,不提高了工作效率。
(2)降低了劳动强度,消除了安全隐患。由于钢架结构重,要想从地面移到轨道梁上,需要耗费大量的体力,而且由于架车位置狭小且钢架的体积过于庞大,在将钢架放置于木方上时十分困难,只有慢慢移动才能将其放置妥当,其劳动强度可想而知。采用液压同步顶升装置,因为千斤顶的质量只有10kg左右且体积较小,所以,容易放置于木方之上,大大降低了劳动强度,同时也消除了架车装置落下伤人或损伤设备的安全隐患。
(3)安全性大大提高。因为液压同步顶升装置的千斤顶有机械自锁功能,即使在液压装置密封件出现问题,压力被卸以后,也能通过锁紧螺母锁住千斤顶,不会因为卸压而导致车体的垮塌。同时由于是同在转向架落下之后车体能够平稳放置于轨道梁上,可避免车体倾斜受力不均而导致车体变形。
重庆跨座式单轨车辆架车装置及其改进贺 观等
4液压同步顶升装置
轨
道
的改进
现有液压同步顶升装置充其量只能算是早期钢架架车方式不得已的改进,仍然需要搭梯作业和自下而上的传递,每换一次仍必须重复安装、拆卸,仍有失手伤人的可
将换轮过程中架车工序的问题彻底解决。
将顶升装置设计为安装在与沉降梁相邻的轨道梁梁端的固定设备,着轨道梁纵向为新加上的固定式顶将顶升装置放置于特制的钢制结构中,这个钢结构的断面外形尺寸与轨道梁相同,以满足换轮作业的单轨车辆顺利通过轨道梁的要求。顶升装置的钢架与轨道梁端面用预埋螺栓固定,安装完成后,单轨列车开行到相应的位置,就可以通过顶升装置进行架车工作。
固定式液压顶升装置设计中要考虑以下几个问题。
(1)采用两段式升程设计,以解决油缸升程较高而产生的稳定性变差的问题。顶升装置工作时先将其下部基础升起,待接近后再启动上部油缸顶升并支撑车体。车体抬高后在装置侧面插入安全销,确保不会出现车体下降。
(2)预埋在轨道梁端面的螺栓虑较大的安全系数和冗余,以确保整个装置的使用安全。
(3)尽量考虑使用工具将液压
图8
梁
顶升装置
沉
降
梁
轨
道
梁
固定式液压同步顶升装置
量的螺丝,拆装一次至少需要2h,能。为此,需要改进设计,
顶升装置便捷地安装到轨道梁端面,有利于日后维修拆卸。
5结束语
采用固定式液压顶升装置,是
需要将前裙板拆下就可以直接架车,为此,要缩短现有沉降梁尺寸,在沿
为解决生产现场的实际困难,有目通过设计思路的拓展,把现场辅助工艺装备转变为梁端固定装置,可以极大地降低操作者的劳动强度,大大缩短换轮的辅助时间,生产现场的安全性问题也可以得到彻底的解决。在重庆轨道交通3号线的换轮沉降梁装置的设计中,此项改进已经付诸实施。
参考文献
[1]仲建华.重庆跨座式单轨交通
[J].都市快轨交通,2004,17(5).
[2]胥春先.跨座式单轨车转向架
测试系统研究[J].现代城市轨道交通,2008(2).
[3]周庆瑞,金锋.新型城市轨道交
通[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2005.
收稿日期2010-07-27
升装置留出安装空间。如图8所示。的、有针对性的一项技术改造措施。
步顶升,2个千斤顶所升高度相同,承受较大的剪切载荷,设计时应考
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MODERN URBAN TRANSIT5/2010现代城市轨道交通
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